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- endoscope Medical introduced
- Endoscopy originated 100 years ago, has undergone four major stages of development, each stage by using equipment at the main features marked.
Rigid endoscopic stage (1806 ~ 1932): Rigid Endoscope by German Philipp Bozzini first, by a flower-shaped light source, the composition of the candle, and a series of lenses, mainly for checking the bladder and urethra. Rosenhein developed in 1895 by three rigid endoscopy showed concentric tube-like setting, central tube for the optical structure, the second layer on the platinum wire inside the lumen circle of light and water system structures, the outer wall engraved with the response scale into mirror depth. Elsner of 1911-type gastric endoscopic Rosenhein been improved, together with the rubber in the front-end of the first guide to do, but can not be observed after the dirt-lens as a major defect, in spite of this, Elsner gastroscope-style in 1932 commander-in-chief is still in the status of previous .
Endoscopic stage of semi-flexion-type (1932 ~ 1957): Schindler from the 1928 production equipment and excellent cooperation in the development of the division Gastroscope Georg Wolf, and ultimately be successful in 1932, known as Wolf-Schinder-type endoscopy. After, many people carried out the transformation to a more complete, more useful.
Fiber-optic endoscopic stage (1957-present): In 1954, the United Kingdom Kapany of Hopkins and the invention of optical fiber technology. 1957, Hirschowitz and his assistant in the United States Institute of gastroscopy to display the self-developed fiber-optic endoscope. The early 60s, Japan Olympas plant based on fiber-optic endoscopy, biopsy devices and the installation of the cameras, effectively photography shows the stomach. In 1966 the first front-end Olympas plant Eucampia agencies, Machida plant in 1967 using an external cold light source, so that measuring the increase in light can be found in small lesions, further expand the field of vision can be observed that the duodenum. Over the past 10 years with the attachment of continuous improvement, such as surgical instruments, camera system, so that not only fiber endoscopy for the diagnosis and surgical treatment can be used.
TV endoscopic era (since 1983): Welch Allyn Inc. in 1983 successfully developed an electronic camera-type endoscope. The front of the mirror with a high sensitivity micro-video camera, will be recorded in the image to the way its spread to television telecommunications information processing systems, and then into a television signal imaging machines can see the image. Olympas factory in Japan that is soon to launch the corresponding models gastroscopy, and occupy most of the market. - Medical endoscopic classification
- Their development and classification of image structure: can be roughly divided into 3 broad categories: hard-tube endoscopic, optical fiber (tube type) and electronic endoscopic endoscopy.
According to their functional classification:
1, for digestive tract endoscopy: a hard-tube esophagoscopy; fiber esophagoscopy; electronic esophagoscopy; ultrasonic electronic esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, electronic endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound electronics, fiber duodenoscope electronic duodenoscope fiber enteroscopy, electronic enteroscopy, colonoscopy fibers, electronic colonoscopy, fiber sigmoid colon and rectum Mirror Mirror.
2, for the respiratory system endoscopy: a hard-tube laryngoscope, fibrolaryngoscope, electronic laryngoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, electronic bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy.
3, for the peritoneal cavity of the endoscope: A hard-tube, optical fiber type, electronic laparoscopic surgery.
4, for the endoscopic biliary tract: a hard-tube choledochoscope, Choledochofiberscope, electronic choledochoscope, and cluster-type choledochoscope.
5, for the urinary tract endoscopy: (1) cystoscopy: can be divided into inspection cystoscopy, cystoscopy with ureteral catheterization, surgical cystoscopy, cystoscopy with teaching, photography by cystoscopy, cystoscopy in children and female cystoscopy. (2) ureteroscope. (3) nephrolithotomy.
6, for the endoscopic gynecology: colposcopy and hysteroscopy.
7, for the endoscopic vessel: Endoscopic vessel.
8, the endoscope used in the joints: joint mirrors. - Endoscopic imaging applications for clinical diagnosis
- (A) inspection of the gastrointestinal tract diseases
(1) of the esophagus: chronic esophagitis, esophageal varices, food pipeline hernia, esophageal leiomyoma, Replica Watches such as esophageal and gastric cardia.
(2) of the stomach and duodenum: chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric benign gastric ulcer, duodenal tumor.
(3) the small intestine: small intestine cancer, smooth muscle tumors, sarcoma, polyps, lymphoma, inflammation and so on.
(4) colon: non-specific ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, chronic colitis, colon polyps, colorectal cancer and so on.
(B) of the pancreas, biliary tract disease inspection: pancreatic cancer, cholangitis, bile duct cancer, etc..
(C) laparoscopic examination: liver disease, biliary disease.
(D) inspection of respiratory diseases: lung cancer, by bronchoscopy and lung biopsy brush biopsy, such as selective bronchography.
(E) urinary tract examination: cystitis, urinary bladder with bladder cancer, renal tuberculosis, kidney stones, kidney tumors, congenital malformations of ureter, ureteral calculi, ureteral tumor.
- Technology
- Medical endoscopes at different times are the cause of promoting the continuous development of medicine. With the future of electronic technology and other advances in science and technology, I believe the technology will be the development of greater depth and width.
It not only able to complete today the completion of any of the work, but also added a special CCD spectrum to provide new medical image information, image processing techniques can also be used to obtain the special lesions of images, and image analysis technology can be used for lesions quantitative analysis and quantitative diagnosis, but also through the means of telecommunications long-distance diagnosis.
Multi-functional electronic endoscope has been introduced, it not only the morphology of tissues and organs receive diagnostic information, but also on the physiological functions of various organs Rolexwere determined.
Medical endoscopic technology development to this day, has shown its great vitality, Roll forming machinethat tomorrow will be even greater contribution to make.